Reigned from June 20, 1667 to December 9, 1669. Born on January 28, 1600 in Pistoja, Italy as Giulio Rospigliosi; died in December 9, 1669 in Rome, Italy. He was titular archbishop of Tarsus, cardinal-priest, then pope. During his pontificate he reorganized the Church in Portugal, aided Venice with subsidies against the Turks, temporarily appeased the Jansenist dissension in France, and was beloved for his humility and charity.