a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Muhlhausen in 1815. He studied at Strasburg. In 1838 he was a teacher at Paris, was made a licentiate of theology at Strasburg in 1842, took the degree of doctor of philosophy at Leipsic in 1846, and was professor at the royal school at Meissen, in Saxony, and died July 16, 1869. He wrote, De Librorum Samuelis et Regum Compositione Scriptoribus et Fide Historica (Strasburg, 1842): — Essai sur la Vie et les Ecrits de J. Lefevre d'Etaples (ibid. eod.): — Moslicheddin Sadi's Rosengarten (translated from the Persian, Leipsic, 1846): — Moslicheddin Sadi's Lustgarten (Jena, 1850, 2 volumes): — La Morale du Poete Persan Sadi (1851): — De Templo Silonensi (Meissen, 1855): — Der Prophet Jeremia erklart (Leipsic, 1863): — Die sogenannte Grundschrift des Pentateuchs (1869), besides a large number of essays contributed to the Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft. See Lichtenberger, Encyclop. des Sciences Religienses, s.v.; Zuchold, Bibl. Theol. 1:460. (B.P.)