a Protestant theologian of Germany, was born at Carlsruhe, May 6, 1804. He studied at Tubingen, was professor at the lyceum in his native place, from 1841 to 1861 preacher, and at the same time teacher in the theological seminary at Heidelberg. In 1861 he was made a prelate and a member of the higher ecclesiastical court. He was a member of the general synods held in 1861, 1867, 1871, and 1876. He died doctor of theology, February 23, 1877, at Carlsruhe. (B.P.)