a German philosopher, was born in 1718 at Ammendorf; was a student, and in 1746 was appointed professor of philosophy, at Halle. He died there in 1777. His writings are, Anfangsgriinde der schonen Wissenschqaften (Halle, 1748, 3 vols.; 2d edit. ibid. 1754):-Betrachtungen iiber den ersten Grundsatz aller schoner Kiinste und Wissenschaften (ibid. 1757):Metaphysik (ibid. 1756, 4 vols.) :-Philosophische Sittenlehre (ibid. 1756-61, 5 vols.):-Recht der Natur (ibid. 1767):-Versuch eines neuen Lehrgebdudes von den Seelen der Thiere (ibid. 1756):-Versuch einer allgemeinen A uslegungskunst (ibid. 1756) :- Untersuchung verschiedener Materien aus der Philosophie (ibid. 1768-71, 4 vols.). See his biography by S. G. Lange (ibid. 1778).