a French philosophical writer, was born at Bourg, Bresse, February 17, 1803. He studied at Paris and Heidelberg, was for some time professor at Lyons and Paris, and died at Versailles, March 27, 1875. He published, De la Grece Moderne dans ses Rapports avec Antiqaite (1830): — De l'Avenis' es Religions: — De la Revolution et de la Philosophie: — Des la Vie de, Jeus par Strauss (essays written for the Rue des Deux Mondes and Revue de Paris. His treatise on the life of Jesus was translated into German. by Kleine, 1839): — Genie des Religions (1842): — l'Ultramontanisme ou la Societe Moderne et l'Eglise (1843; Germ. transl., Leipsic, 1845): — Le Christianisme et la Recolution Francaise (1846): — Philosophie de l'Histoire de France (1855): — Question Romaine devant Histoire (1867): — La Creation (1870, 2 volumes). His works were published in 11 vols. (1856-1870).. See Chassin, Edg. Quinet, sa Vie et son OEuvre (Paris, 1859); Vinet, Literature Franc. au Dix-Neuvieme Siecle; Lichtenberger, Encyclop. des Sciences Religieuses, s.v. (B.P.)