a philosophical writer of Germany, was born at Zerbst, November 11, 1791. He commenced his academical career at Berlin in 1817, was professor of philosophy in 1824, in 1833 at Kiel, in 1837 at Gottingen, and died Feb. 2, 1869, doctor of theology. He wrote, Der Paintheismus und die Halb-Kantianer (Berlin, 1827): — Ueber die Erkenntniss Gottes in der Welt (Hamburg, 1836): — Ueber das Bose (Kiel, 1839): — Ueber die Emanationslehre (Gottingen, 1847): — Ueber Lessings philosophische und religiose Grundsatze (1848): — Unsterblichkeit (Leipsic, 1851): — Die christliche Philosophie nach ihrem Begriff (1858-59, 2 volumes): — Encyclopadie der philosophischen Wissenschaten (1864, 3 volumes): — Ueber das Bose und seine Folgen (Gotha, 1869): — Philosophische Paratdoxa (Leipsic, 1867). (B.P.)