German rabbi; born in Gudensberg, Hessen, July 29, 1830; died at St. Gall, Switzerland, Feb. 5, 1900. He attended the Talmudic school in W�rzburg and the University of Berlin, and obtained his Ph.D. degree in Marburg. He was appointed preacher to the congregation of Elberfeld, and three years later to the congregation of Munich. In 1866 he became rabbi to the newly organized community in St. Gall, where he remained until his death.
He wrote: "Das Negative Verdienst des Alten Testaments um die Unsterblichkeitslehre" (Berlin, 1857); "Ist das Schlachten der Thiere nach J�dischem Ritus Wirklich Thierqu�lerei?" (reprinted from the "St. Gallen Tageblatt," 1867); "Das Sch�chten und die Bout�role: Denkschrift an den Grossen Rath des Kantons St. Gallen" (St. Gall, 1876); "Statistik des Judenthums im Deutschen Reiche, Ausschliesslich Preussens, und in der Schweiz" (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1875).