in the min?ah prayer for the Day of Atonement.German poet, translator, and Hebrew writer; born in Glogau 1781; died at Breslau Feb. 16, 1855. F�rstenthal's attention was directed chiefly toward the modernization of Jewish religious services, both in and out of the synagogue, and to this end he translated into German the most important liturgical books. These versions became very popular among the German Jews; and, in spite of many subsequent translations, they have retained their popularity to the present time. To some of them, as, for instance, the Penitential Prayers, he added excellent Hebrew commentaries. Furthermore, he did much creditable work in philosophical and exegetical literature. His German translations of and Hebrew commentaries to the "Moreh Nebukim" of Moses Maimonides and the "?obot ha-Lebabot" of Ba?ya ibn Pa?uda, and especially his large Hebrew commentary to the whole Bible, evidence his great versatility in Talmudic and Midrashic literature.
F�rstenthal's main importance, however, lies in his activity as a national Hebrew poet. His poetic productions have a genuine classic ring, and are distinguished by elegance of diction, richness of thought, and true, unaffected national feeling. His power shows itself at its height in his "Song on Zion" ("Ha-Meassef," 1810, 4:37), which is considered the best of his numerouspoems. In German, too, F�rstenthal has shown remarkable poetic talent in his rhythmical translations of various piyyu?im, as, for example, his translation of the "pizmon" in the min?ah prayer for the Day of Atonement.
The following is a complete list of F�rstenthal's writings in their chronological order: various contributions to "Ha-Meassef," 1810-11; contributions to "Resise ha-Meli?ah," a collection of poems and epigrams, Breslau, 1820-22; "Paradigmen der Hebr�ischen Conjugationen und Declinationen," ib. 1826; Seli?ot, translated into German together with a Hebrew commentary ("Me?ib Safah"), to which is added a description (in German) of the service of the high priest in the Sanctuary on the Day of Atonement, ib. 1826; "Ha-Meassef," containing Hebrew and German poems, mostly his own, ib. 1829, 1832; "Dabar be-'Itto," an ode in German and Hebrew written on the cessation of an epidemic of cholera, ib. 1832; "Das Judenthum in Staatsb�rgerlicher Beziehung," ib. 1832; "Rabbinische Anthologie," ib. 1834; "Die M�nner Gottes, oder Biblische Charakteristik," a translation of M. B. Friedenthal's "Yesod ha-Dat," Berlin, 1835; German translation of the "?obot ha-Lebabot," with a Hebrew commentary ("Or la-Yesharim."), Breslau, 1835; "Ebel Ya?id," an elegy on the death of Akiba Eger, ib. 1838; German translation of the "Moreh Nebukim," with a Hebrew commentary (first part only), Krotoschin, 1839 (an appendix to this work was published by F�rstenthal, Leipsic, 1839); Bible, under the general title "Or le-Yisrael," with Hebrew commentary ("Bi'ur we-Som Sekel"), Krotoschin, 1839-43; German translation of "?ol Sason," liturgies for Purim and the fast of Esther, containing also a supercommentary ("Pittu?e ?otam") to the commentary of Abraham ibn Ezra on the Book of Esther, ib. 1840 (2d ed., ib. 1845); "Mazkeret Ahabah," poem by B. Schweitzer, metrically translated into German, Breslau, 1841; "Tenubot Sadeh," poems and epigrams by S. N. Rosenfeld, translated into German, ib. 1842; "Das J�dische Traditionswesen," a translation of Maimonides' introduction to the Mishnah, with explanatory annotations, ib. 1842; German translation of "Ma'aneh Lashon," Krotoschin, 1844; "Menorat ha-Ma'or" by Isaac Aboab, German translation (completed by Benzion Behrend), 3 vols., ib. 1844-48; German translation of "?ol Beki," liturgy for the Ninth of Ab, with a history of the destruction of the Temple, 2d ed., ib. 1845; German translation of Ma?zor for all festivals, under the general title "Min?ah ?adashah," 3 vols., ib. 1845.