Dutch medical historian; born at Groningen March 27, 1822; died at Amsterdam. Jan. 16, 1883; educated at the university of his native town (M.D. 1845). He established himself as a physician in Amsterdam, where, in 1867, he became lecturer on the history of medicine and hygiene at the Athen�um. In 1877 he was appointed assistant professor at the University of Amsterdam.
Among Israels' works may be mentioned the following, all of which were published in Amsterdam: "Twee Epidemien in Nederland," 1853; "De Salernitaansche School," 1856; "Bydragen tot de Geschiedenis der Lepra in de Noordelyke Nederlanden," 1857; "De Geschiedenis der Diphtheritis Beknopt Medegedeelt," 1861; "Bydragen tot de Geschiedenis der Geneeskunde in Nederland," 1873; "De Keizersnede by Levenden, Volgens den Babylonischen Talmud," 1882. He also translated into Dutch Ideler's "Allgemeine Di�tetik f�r Gebildete" (Amsterdam, 1851) and H�ser's "Lehrbuch der Geschichte der Medizin" (ib. 1855-59).
From 1874 to 1876 Israels was editor of "Hygieia, Weekblad voor de Gezondheidsleer."