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Menahem ben Machir

The 1901 Jewish Encyclopedia

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German liturgist of the eleventh century; a native of Ratisbon. His grandfather, also called Menahem b. Machir, was a nephew of Gershom b. Judah, and he himself was a cousin of Isaac b. Judah, Rashi's teacher. He is quoted in Rashi's "Pardes" (21d, 33c) and in the "Li??u?e Pardes" (19b; comp. "Pis?e Re?ana?i," No. 589). Menah?m witnessed the Jewish massacres of 1096 in Germany and commemorated them in a number of seli?ot. His piyyu?im include: "Adam be-?um," for the Esther fast (quoted in Tos. to ?ag. 11a); "A?alleh et pene Adonai," for Yom Kippur min?ah; "Amarer ba-beki," for the 17th of Tammuz; "Lammah Adonai ta'amod" (in ten strophes); a "?inah" for the 9th of Ab, beginning "Ebel a'orer"; five "yo?erot," including one for the "Na?amu" Sabbath and one for the "Shubah" Sabbath; three "ofannim"; three "zulatot"; "Kehosha'ta elim," a "hosha'na" for the Sabbath of Tabernacles; "Ma'arib," for the Feast of Tabernacles; "Nishmat," to be recited on Sim?at Torah; and a "reshut " for ?atan Torah, to be recited on the same day. Most of his piyyu?im are alphabetically arranged, but all of them bear the author's signature.