Study Desk

Later, Moses and Aaron went in and said to Pharaoh, "This is what Yahweh, the God of Israel, says: Let My people go, so that they may hold a festival for Me in the wilderness."^(a)

But Pharaoh responded, "Who is Yahweh that I should obey Him by letting Israel go? I do not know anything about Yahweh, and besides, I will not let Israel go."^(b)

Then they answered, "The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please let us go on a three-day trip into the wilderness so that we may sacrifice to Yahweh our God, or else He may strike us with plague or sword."

The king of Egypt said to them, "Moses and Aaron, why are you causing the people to neglect their work? Get to your work!"

Pharaoh also said, "Look, the people of the land are so numerous, and you would stop them from working."^(c)

That day Pharaoh commanded the overseers^(d) of the people as well as their foremen:

"Don't continue to supply the people with straw for making bricks, as before. They must go and gather straw for themselves.

But require the same quota of bricks from them as they were making before; do not reduce it. For they are slackers—that is why they are crying out,^(e) ‘Let us go and sacrifice to our God.'

Impose heavier work on the men. Then they will be occupied with it and not pay attention to deceptive words."

So the overseers and foremen of the people went out and said to them, "This is what Pharaoh says:^(f) ‘I am not giving you straw.

Go get straw yourselves wherever you can find it, but there will be no reduction at all in your workload.'"

So the people scattered throughout the land of Egypt to gather stubble for straw.

The overseers insisted, "Finish your assigned work each day, just as you did when straw was provided."

Then the Israelite foremen, whom Pharaoh's slave drivers had set over the people, were beaten^(g) and asked, "Why haven't you finished making your prescribed number of bricks yesterday or today, as you did before?"

So the Israelite foremen went in and cried for help to Pharaoh: "Why are you treating your servants this way?

No straw has been given to your servants, yet they say to us, ‘Make bricks!' Look, your servants are being beaten, but it is your own people who are at fault."

But he said, "You are slackers. Slackers! That is why you are saying, ‘Let us go sacrifice to the Lord .'

Now get to work. No straw will be given to you, but you must produce the same quantity of bricks."

The Israelite foremen saw that they were in trouble when they were told, "You cannot reduce your daily quota of bricks."

When they left Pharaoh, they confronted Moses and Aaron, who stood waiting to meet them.

"May the Lord take note of you and judge," they said to them, "because you have made us reek in front of Pharaoh and his officials—putting a sword in their hand to kill us!"^(h)

So Moses went back to the Lord and asked, "Lord, why have You caused trouble for this people? And why did You ever send me?⁽ⁱ⁾

Ever since I went in to Pharaoh to speak in Your name he has caused trouble for this people, and You haven't delivered Your people at all."

¹But the Lord replied to Moses, "Now you are going to see what I will do to Pharaoh: he will let them go because of My strong hand; he will drive them out of his land because of My strong hand."^(a)

Then God spoke to Moses, telling him, "I am Yahweh.

I appeared to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob as God Almighty, but I did not reveal My name Yahweh to them.^(b)

I also established My covenant with them to give them the land of Canaan, the land they lived in as foreigners.^(c)

Furthermore, I have heard the groaning of the Israelites, whom the Egyptians are forcing to work as slaves, and I have remembered^(d) My covenant.

"Therefore tell the Israelites: I am Yahweh, and I will deliver you from the forced labor of the Egyptians and free you from slavery to them. I will redeem you with an outstretched arm^(e) and great acts of judgment.

I will take you as My people,^(f) and I will be your God. You will know^(g) that I am Yahweh your God, who delivered you from the forced labor of the Egyptians.

I will bring you to the land that I swore^[a](h) to give to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, and I will give it to you as a possession. I am Yahweh."

Moses told this to the Israelites, but they did not listen⁽ⁱ⁾ to him because of their broken spirit and hard labor.

Then the Lord spoke to Moses,

"Go and tell Pharaoh king of Egypt to let the Israelites go from his land."

But Moses said in the Lord 's presence: "If the Israelites will not listen to me, then how will Pharaoh listen to me, since I am such a poor speaker?"^[b](j)

Then the Lord spoke to Moses and Aaron and gave them commands concerning both the Israelites and Pharaoh king of Egypt to bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt.

These are the heads of their fathers' families: The sons of Reuben,^(k) the firstborn of Israel: Hanoch and Pallu, Hezron and Carmi. These are the clans of Reuben.

The sons of Simeon:^(l) Jemuel, Jamin, Ohad, Jachin, Zohar, and Shaul, the son of a Canaanite woman. These are the clans of Simeon.

These are the names of the sons of Levi according to their genealogy: Gershon, Kohath, and Merari.^(m) Levi lived 137 years.

The sons of Gershon: Libni and Shimei, by their clans.

The sons of Kohath: Amram, Izhar, Hebron, and Uzziel. Kohath lived 133 years.

The sons of Merari: Mahli and Mushi. These are the clans of the Levites⁽ⁿ⁾ according to their genealogy.

Amram married his father's sister Jochebed, and she bore him Aaron and Moses.^(o) Amram lived 137 years.

The sons of Izhar:^(p) Korah, Nepheg, and Zichri.

The sons of Uzziel: Mishael, Elzaphan,^(q) and Sithri.

Aaron married Elisheba, daughter of Amminadab^(r) and sister of Nahshon. She bore him Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Ithamar.^(s)

The sons of Korah:^(t) Assir, Elkanah, and Abiasaph. These are the clans of the Korahites.

Aaron's son Eleazar married one of the daughters of Putiel and she bore him Phinehas.^(u) These are the heads of the Levite families by their clans.

It was this Aaron and Moses whom the Lord told, "Bring the Israelites out of the land of Egypt according to their divisions."^(v)

Moses and Aaron were the ones who spoke to Pharaoh king of Egypt in order to bring the Israelites out of Egypt.