Study Desk

In the eleventh year,^(a) in the third month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his hordes: Who are you like in your greatness?

Think of Assyria, a cedar in Lebanon,^(b) with beautiful branches and shady foliage and of lofty height. Its top was among the clouds.^[a]

The waters caused it to grow; the underground springs made it tall, directing their rivers all around the place where the tree was planted and sending their channels to all the trees of the field.

Therefore the cedar became greater in height than all the trees of the field.^(c) Its branches multiplied, and its boughs grew long as it spread them out because of the plentiful water.^(d)

All the birds of the sky nested in its branches,^(e) and all the animals of the field gave birth beneath its boughs; all the great nations lived in its shade.

It was beautiful in its greatness, in the length of its limbs, for its roots extended to abundant water.

The cedars in God's garden could not rival it;^(f) the pine trees couldn't compare with its branches, nor could the plane trees match its boughs. No tree in the garden of God could compare with it in beauty.

I made it beautiful with its many limbs, and all the trees of Eden, which were in God's garden, envied it.

"Therefore this is what the Lord God says: Since it^[b] became great in height and set its top among the clouds,^[c] and it^[d] grew proud^(g) on account of its height,

I determined to hand it over to a ruler of nations;^(h) he would surely deal with it. I banished it because of its wickedness.

Foreigners, ruthless men from the nations,⁽ⁱ⁾ cut it down and left it lying. Its limbs fell on the mountains and in every valley; its boughs lay broken in all the earth's ravines. All the peoples of the earth left its shade and abandoned it.

All the birds of the sky nested on its fallen trunk, and all the animals of the field were among its boughs.

This happened so that no trees planted beside water would become great in height and set their tops among the clouds,^[e] and so that no other well-watered trees would reach them in height. For they have all been consigned to death, to the underworld, among the people who descend to the Pit.^(j)

"This is what the Lord God says: I caused grieving on the day the cedar went down to Sheol.^(k) I closed off the underground deep because of it:^[f] I held back the rivers of the deep, and its abundant waters were restrained. I made Lebanon mourn on account of it, and all the trees of the field fainted because of it.

I made the nations quake at the sound of its downfall, when I threw it down to Sheol to be with those who descend to the Pit. Then all the trees of Eden,^(l) all the well-watered trees, the choice and best of Lebanon, were comforted^(m) in the underworld.

They too descended with it to Sheol, to those slain by the sword. As its allies^[g][h] they had lived in its shade among the nations.

"Who then are you like in glory and greatness among Eden's trees? You also will be brought down to the underworld to be with the trees of Eden. You will lie among the uncircumcised with those slain by the sword.⁽ⁿ⁾ This is Pharaoh and all his hordes"—the declaration of the Lord God .

In the twelfth year, in the twelfth month, on the first day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, lament^(a) for Pharaoh king of Egypt and say to him: You compare yourself to a lion of the nations, but^[a] you are like a monster^(b) in the seas. You thrash about in your rivers, churn up the waters with your feet, and muddy the^[b] rivers."

This is what the Lord God says: I will spread My net over you^(c) with an assembly of many peoples, and they^[c] will haul you up in My net.

I will abandon you on the land and hurl you on the open field. I will cause all the birds of the sky to settle on you and let the beasts of the entire earth eat their fill of you.^(d)

I will put your flesh on the mountains^(e) and fill the valleys with your carcass.

I will drench the land with the flow of your blood, even to the mountains; the ravines will be filled with your gore.

When I snuff you out, I will cover the heavens and darken their stars. I will cover the sun with a cloud,^(f) and the moon will not give its light.

I will darken all the shining lights in the heavens over you, and will bring darkness on your land. This is the declaration of the Lord God .

I will trouble the hearts of many peoples, when I bring about your destruction among the nations, in countries you do not know.

I will cause many nations to be appalled at you, and their kings will shudder with fear because of you^(g) when I brandish My sword in front of them. On the day of your downfall each of them will tremble every moment^(h) for his life.

For this is what the Lord God says: The sword of Babylon's king will come against you!

I will make your hordes fall by the swords of warriors, all of them ruthless men from the nations.⁽ⁱ⁾ They will ravage Egypt's pride, and all its hordes will be destroyed.

I will slaughter all its cattle that are beside many waters. No human foot will churn them again, and no cattle hooves will disturb them.^(j)

Then I will let their waters settle and will make their rivers flow like oil. This is the declaration of the Lord God .

When I make the land of Egypt a desolation, so that it is emptied of everything in it, when I strike down all who live there, then they will know that I am Yahweh.^(k)

"This is a lament that will be chanted;^(l) the women of the nations will chant it. They will chant it over Egypt and all its hordes." This is the declaration of the Lord God .

In the twelfth year,^[d] on the fifteenth day of the month, the word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, wail over the hordes of Egypt and bring Egypt and the daughters of mighty nations down to the underworld,^[e] to be with those who descend to the Pit:^(m)

Who do you surpass in loveliness? Go down and be laid to rest with the uncircumcised!

They will fall among those slain by the sword. A sword is appointed!⁽ⁿ⁾ They drag her and all her hordes away.

Warrior leaders will speak from the middle of Sheol about him^[f] and his allies: They have come down; the uncircumcised lie slain by the sword.^(o)

Assyria is there with all her company; her graves are all around her. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword.

Her graves are set in the deepest regions of the Pit, and her company is all around her burial place. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword— those who once spread terror in the land of the living.

Elam^(p) is there with all her hordes around her grave. All of them are slain, fallen by the sword— those who went down to the underworld^[g] uncircumcised, who once spread their terror in the land of the living. They bear their disgrace with those who descend to the Pit.

Among the slain they prepare a resting place for Elam with all her hordes. Her graves are all around her. All of them are uncircumcised, slain by the sword, although their terror was once spread in the land of the living. They bear their disgrace with those who descend to the Pit. They are placed among the slain.

Meshech and Tubal^[h](q) are there, with all their hordes. Their graves are all around them. All of them are uncircumcised, slain by the sword, although their terror was once spread in the land of the living.

They do not lie down with the fallen warriors of the uncircumcised,^[i] who went down to Sheol with their weapons of war, whose swords were placed under their heads.^[j] The punishment for their sins rested on their bones, although the terror of these warriors was once in the land of the living.

But you will be shattered and will lie down among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword.^(r)

Edom^(s) is there, her kings and all her princes, who, despite their strength, have been placed among those slain by the sword. They lie down with the uncircumcised, with those who descend to the Pit.

All the leaders of the north^(t) and all the Sidonians^(u) are there. They went down in shame with the slain, despite the terror their strength inspired. They lie down uncircumcised with those slain by the sword. They bear their disgrace with those who descend to the Pit.

Pharaoh will see them and be comforted^(v) over all his hordes— Pharaoh and all his army, slain by the sword. This is the declaration of the Lord God .

For I will spread My^[k] terror in the land of the living, so Pharaoh and all his hordes will be laid to rest among the uncircumcised, with those slain by the sword." This is the declaration of the Lord God .

The word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, speak to your people and tell them: Suppose I bring the sword against a land, and the people of that land select a man from among them, appointing him as their watchman,

and he sees the sword coming against the land and blows his trumpet^(a) to warn the people.

Then, if anyone hears the sound of the trumpet but ignores the warning,^(b) and the sword comes and takes him away, his blood will be on his own head.

Since he heard the sound of the trumpet but ignored the warning, his blood is on his own hands.^[a] If he had taken warning, he would have saved his life.

However, if the watchman sees the sword coming but doesn't blow the trumpet, so that the people aren't warned, and the sword comes and takes away their lives, then they have been taken away because of their iniquity, but I will hold the watchman accountable for their blood.

"As for you, son of man, I have made you a watchman for the house of Israel.^(c) When you hear a word from My mouth, give them a warning from Me.

If I say to the wicked, ‘Wicked one, you will surely die,'^(d) but you do not speak out to warn him about his way, that wicked person will die for his iniquity, yet I will hold you responsible for his blood.

But if you warn a wicked person to turn from his way and he doesn't turn from it, he will die for his iniquity, but you will have saved your life.

"Now as for you, son of man, say to the house of Israel: You have said this, ‘Our transgressions and our sins are heavy on us, and we are wasting away because of them!^(e) How then can we survive?'^(f)

Tell them: As I live"—the declaration of the Lord God —"I take no pleasure in the death of the wicked, but rather that the wicked person should turn from his way and live.^(g) Repent, repent of your evil ways! Why will you die, house of Israel?

"Now, son of man, say to your people: The righteousness of the righteous person will not save him on the day of his transgression; neither will the wickedness of the wicked person cause him to stumble on the day he turns from his wickedness. The righteous person won't be able to survive by his righteousness on the day he sins.

When I tell the righteous person that he will surely live, but he trusts in his righteousness and commits iniquity, then none of his righteousness will be remembered, and he will die because of the iniquity he has committed.^(h)

"So when I tell the wicked person, ‘You will surely die,' but he repents of his sin and does what is just and right—

he returns collateral, makes restitution for what he has stolen, and walks in the statutes of life⁽ⁱ⁾ without practicing iniquity—he will certainly live; he will not die.

None of the sins he committed will be held against him. He has done what is just and right; he will certainly live.^(j)

"But your people say, ‘The Lord's way isn't fair,'^(k) even though it is their own way that isn't fair.

When a righteous person turns from his righteousness and commits iniquity, he will die on account of this.

But if a wicked person turns from his wickedness and does what is just and right, he will live because of this.

Yet you say, ‘The Lord's way isn't fair.' I will judge each of you according to his ways, house of Israel."

In the twelfth year of our exile, in the tenth month, on the fifth day of the month, a fugitive from Jerusalem came to me and reported, "The city has been taken!"

Now the hand of the Lord had been on me the evening before the fugitive arrived, and He opened my mouth before the man came to me in the morning. So my mouth was opened and I was no longer mute.^(l)

Then the word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, those who live in the^[b] ruins in the land of Israel are saying, ‘Abraham was only one person,^(m) yet he received possession of the land.⁽ⁿ⁾ But we are many; the land has been given to us as a possession.'^(o)

Therefore say to them: This is what the Lord God says: You eat meat with blood in it,^(p) raise your eyes to your idols, and shed blood. Should you then receive possession of the land?

You have relied on your swords, you have committed detestable acts, and each of you has defiled his neighbor's wife. Should you then receive possession of the land?^(q)

"Tell them this: This is what the Lord God says: As surely as I live, those who are in the ruins will fall by the sword, those in the open field I have given to wild animals to be devoured, and those in the strongholds and caves will die by plague.^(r)

I will make the land a desolate waste,^(s) and its proud strength will come to an end.^(t) The mountains of Israel^(u) will become desolate, with no one passing through.

They will know that I am Yahweh when I make the land a desolate waste because of all the detestable acts they have committed.

"Now, son of man, your people are talking about you near the city walls and in the doorways of their houses. One person speaks to another, each saying to his brother, ‘Come and hear what the message is that comes from the Lord !'

So My people come to you in crowds,^[c] sit in front of you, and hear your words, but they don't obey them. Although they express love with their mouths, their hearts pursue dishonest profit.

Yes, to them you are like a singer of love songs who has a beautiful voice and plays skillfully on an instrument. They hear your words, but they don't obey them.

Yet when it comes^(v)—and it will definitely come—then they will know that a prophet has been among them."

The word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy, and say to them: This is what the Lord God says to the shepherds: Woe to the shepherds of Israel, who have been feeding themselves!^(a) Shouldn't the shepherds feed their flock?

You eat the fat, wear the wool, and butcher the fattened animals, but you do not tend the flock.^(b)

You have not strengthened the weak, healed the sick, bandaged the injured, brought back the strays, or sought the lost.^(c) Instead, you have ruled them with violence and cruelty.

They were scattered for lack of a shepherd;^(d) they became food for all the wild animals^(e) when they were scattered.

My flock went astray on all the mountains and every high hill.^(f) They were scattered over the whole face of the earth, and there was no one searching or seeking for them.

"Therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord .

As I live"—the declaration of the Lord God —"because My flock has become prey and food for every wild animal since they lack a shepherd, for My shepherds do not search for My flock, and because the shepherds feed themselves rather than My flock,

therefore, you shepherds, hear the word of the Lord !

"This is what the Lord God says: Look, I am against the shepherds.^(g) I will demand My flock from them^[a] and prevent them from shepherding the flock. The shepherds will no longer feed themselves, for I will rescue My flock from their mouths so that they will not be food for them.

"For this is what the Lord God says: See, I Myself will search for My flock and look for them.

As a shepherd looks for his sheep on the day he is among his scattered flock, so I will look for My flock. I will rescue them from all the places where they have been scattered^(h) on a cloudy and dark day.

I will bring them out from the peoples, gather them from the countries, and bring them into their own land. I will shepherd them on the mountains of Israel, in the ravines, and in all the inhabited places of the land.

I will tend them with good pasture, and their grazing place will be on Israel's lofty mountains. There they will lie down in a good grazing place; they will feed in rich pasture on the mountains of Israel.

I will tend My flock and let them lie down."⁽ⁱ⁾ This is the declaration of the Lord God .

"I will seek the lost,^(j) bring back the strays, bandage the injured,^(k) and strengthen the weak, but I will destroy^[b] the fat and the strong. I will shepherd them with justice.

"The Lord God says to you, My flock: I am going to judge between one sheep and another, between the rams and male goats.^(l)

Isn't it enough for you to feed on the good pasture? Must you also trample the rest of the pasture with your feet? Or isn't it enough that you drink the clear water? Must you also muddy the rest with your feet?

Yet My flock has to feed on what your feet have trampled, and drink what your feet have muddied.

"Therefore, this is what the Lord God says to them: See, I Myself will judge between the fat sheep and the lean sheep.

Since you have pushed with flank and shoulder and butted all the weak ones with your horns until you scattered them all over,

I will save My flock, and they will no longer be prey for you. I will judge between one sheep and another.

I will appoint over them a single shepherd, My servant David, and he will shepherd them. He will tend them himself and will be their shepherd.^(m)

I, Yahweh, will be their God, and My servant David⁽ⁿ⁾ will be a prince among them. I, Yahweh, have spoken.

"I will make a covenant of peace^(o) with them and eliminate dangerous animals^(p) in the land, so that they may live securely^(q) in the wilderness and sleep in the forest.

I will make them and the area around My hill^(r) a blessing: I will send down showers in their season^(s)—showers^[c] of blessing.

The trees of the field will give their fruit, and the land will yield its produce; My flock will be secure in their land. They will know that I am Yahweh when I break the bars of their yoke and rescue them from the hands of those who enslave them.^(t)

They will no longer be prey for the nations, and the wild animals of the land will not consume them. They will live securely, and no one will frighten them.

I will establish for them a place renowned for its agriculture,^[d] and they will no longer be victims of famine in the land. They will no longer endure the insults of the nations.^(u)

Then they will know that I, Yahweh their God, am with them, and that they, the house of Israel, are My people."^(v) This is the declaration of the Lord God .

"You are My flock, the human flock of My pasture, and I am your God." This is the declaration of the Lord God .^(w)

The word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, turn your face toward Mount Seir^(a) and prophesy against it.

Say to it: This is what the Lord God says: Look! I am against you, Mount Seir. I will stretch out My hand against you and make you a desolate waste.^(b)

I will turn your cities into ruins, and you will become a desolation. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.

"Because you maintained an ancient hatred^(c) and handed over the Israelites to the power of the sword in the time of their disaster, the time of final punishment,^(d)

therefore, as I live"—this is the declaration of the Lord God —"I will destine you for bloodshed, and it will pursue you. Since you did not hate bloodshed, it will pursue you.^(e)

I will make Mount Seir a desolate waste and will cut off from it those who come and go.^(f)

I will fill its mountains with the slain;^(g) those slain by the sword will fall on your hills, in your valleys, and in all your ravines.

I will make you a perpetual desolation; your cities will not be inhabited. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.

"Because you said, ‘These two nations and two lands will be mine, and we will possess them'—though the Lord was there^(h)—

therefore, as I live"—the declaration of the Lord God —"I will treat you according to the anger and jealousy you showed in your hatred of them. I will make Myself known among them^[a] when I judge you.

Then you will know that I, Yahweh, have heard all the blasphemies you uttered against the mountains of Israel, saying, ‘They are desolate. They have been given to us to devour!'

You boasted against Me⁽ⁱ⁾ with your mouth, and spoke many words against Me. I heard it Myself!

"This is what the Lord God says: While the whole world rejoices, I will make you a desolation.

Just as you rejoiced over the inheritance of the house of Israel because it became a desolation, so I will deal with you: you will become a desolation, Mount Seir, and so will all Edom in its entirety. Then they will know that I am Yahweh.

"Son of man, prophesy to the mountains of Israel and say: Mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord .^(a)

This is what the Lord God says: Because the enemy has said about you, ‘Good!^(b) The ancient heights^(c) have become our possession,'

therefore, prophesy and say: This is what the Lord God says: Because they have made you desolate and have trampled you from every side, so that you became a possession for the rest of the nations and an object of people's gossip and slander,^(d)

therefore, mountains of Israel, hear the word of the Lord God . This is what the Lord God says to the mountains and hills, to the ravines and valleys, to the desolate ruins and abandoned cities, which have become plunder^(e) and a mockery to the rest of the nations all around.

"This is what the Lord God says: Certainly in My burning zeal I speak against the rest of the nations and all of Edom,^(f) who took^[a] My land as their own possession with wholehearted rejoicing and utter contempt^(g) so that its pastureland became^[b] plunder.

Therefore, prophesy concerning the land of Israel and say to the mountains and hills, to the ravines and valleys: This is what the Lord God says: Look, I speak in My burning zeal^(h) because you have endured the insults of the nations.

Therefore this is what the Lord God says: I swear^[c] that the nations all around you will endure their own insults.⁽ⁱ⁾

"You, mountains of Israel, will produce your branches^(j) and bear your fruit for My people Israel, since their arrival is near.

Look! I am on your side; I will turn toward you,^(k) and you will be tilled and sown.

I will fill you with people, with the whole house of Israel in its entirety.^(l) The cities will be inhabited and the ruins rebuilt.

I will fill you with people and animals,^(m) and they will increase and be fruitful. I will make you inhabited as you once were and make you better off than you were before. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.⁽ⁿ⁾

I will cause people, My people Israel, to walk on you; they will possess you,^(o) and you will be their inheritance. You will no longer deprive them of their children.

"This is what the Lord God says: Because people are saying to you, ‘You devour men and deprive your nation of children,'^(p)

therefore, you will no longer devour men and deprive your nation of children."^[d] This is the declaration of the Lord God .

"I will no longer allow the insults of the nations to be heard against you, and you will not have to endure the reproach of the peoples anymore;^(q) you will no longer cause your nation to stumble."^[e] This is the declaration of the Lord God .

The word of the Lord came to me:

"Son of man, while the house of Israel lived in their land, they defiled it with their conduct and actions.^(r) Their behavior before Me was like menstrual impurity.^(s)

So I poured out My wrath^(t) on them because of the blood they had shed on the land, and because they had defiled it with their idols.

I dispersed them among the nations, and they were scattered among the countries.^(u) I judged them according to their conduct and actions.^(v)

When they came to the nations where they went, they profaned My holy name,^(w) because it was said about them, ‘These are the people of Yahweh, yet they had to leave His land in exile.'

Then I had concern for My holy name,^(x) which the house of Israel profaned among the nations where they went.

"Therefore, say to the house of Israel: This is what the Lord God says: It is not for your sake that I will act,^(y) house of Israel, but for My holy name,^(z) which you profaned among the nations where you went.

I will honor the holiness of My great name, which has been profaned among the nations—the name you have profaned among them. The nations will know that I am Yahweh"—the declaration of the Lord God —"when I demonstrate My holiness through you in their sight.^(aa)

"For I will take you from the nations and gather you from all the countries, and will bring you into your own land.^(ab)

I will also sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean.^(ac) I will cleanse you from all your impurities and all your idols.^(ad)

I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you;^(ae) I will remove your heart of stone^[f] and give you a heart of flesh.^(af)

I will place My Spirit within you^(ag) and cause you to follow My statutes and carefully observe My ordinances.^(ah)

Then you will live in the land that I gave your fathers;^(ai) you will be My people, and I will be your God.^(aj)

I will save you from all your uncleanness. I will summon the grain and make it plentiful, and will not bring famine on you.^(ak)

I will also make the fruit of the trees and the produce of the field plentiful, so that you will no longer experience reproach among the nations on account of famine.

"Then you will remember your evil ways and your deeds that were not good,^(al) and you will loathe yourselves for your iniquities and detestable practices.^(am)

It is not for your sake that I will act"^(an)—the declaration of the Lord God —"let this be known to you. Be ashamed and humiliated because of your ways, house of Israel!

"This is what the Lord God says: On the day I cleanse you from all your iniquities, I will cause the cities to be inhabited, and the ruins will be rebuilt.^(ao)

The desolate land will be cultivated instead of lying desolate in the sight of everyone who passes by.

Then they will say, ‘This land that was desolate has become like the garden of Eden.^(ap) The cities that were once ruined, desolate, and destroyed are now fortified and inhabited.'

Then the nations that remain around you will know that I, Yahweh, have rebuilt what was destroyed and have replanted what was desolate. I, Yahweh, have spoken and I will do it.^(aq)

"This is what the Lord God says: I will respond to the house of Israel and do this for them:^(ar) I will multiply them in number like a flock.^[g]

So the ruined cities will be filled with a flock of people, just as the flock of sheep for sacrifice^(as) is filled^[h] in Jerusalem during its appointed festivals. Then they will know that I am Yahweh."