Study Desk

What does the worker gain from his struggles?⁽ⁱ⁾

I have seen the task that God has given people to keep them occupied.^(j)

He has made everything appropriate^[b] in its time.^(k) He has also put eternity in their hearts,^[c] but man cannot discover the work God has done from beginning to end.^(l)

I know that there is nothing better for them than to rejoice and enjoy the^[d] good life.

It is also the gift of God whenever anyone eats, drinks, and enjoys all his efforts.^(m)

I know that all God does will last forever; there is no adding to it or taking from it.⁽ⁿ⁾ God works so that people will be in awe of Him.^(o)

Whatever is, has already been,^(p) and whatever will be, already is. God repeats what has passed.^[e]

I also observed under the sun: there is wickedness at the place of judgment and there is wickedness at the place of righteousness.^(q)

I said to myself, "God will judge the righteous and the wicked,^(r) since there is a time for every activity and every work."^(s)

I said to myself, "This happens concerning people, so that God may test them and they may see for themselves that they are like animals."^(t)

For the fate of people and the fate of animals is the same.^(u) As one dies, so dies the other; they all have the same breath. People have no advantage over animals since everything is futile.

All are going to the same place; all come from dust, and all return to dust.^(v)

Who knows if the spirit of people rises upward and the spirit of animals goes downward to the earth?

I have seen that there is nothing better than for a person to enjoy his activities^(w) because that is his reward. For who can enable him to see what will happen after he dies?^[f](x)

Again, I observed all the acts of oppression being done under the sun.^(a) Look at the tears of those who are oppressed; they have no one to comfort them. Power is with those who oppress them; they have no one to comfort them.

So I admired the dead,^(b) who have already died, more than the living, who are still alive.

But better than either of them is the one who has not yet existed,^(c) who has not seen the evil activity that is done under the sun.

I saw that all labor and all skillful work is due to a man's jealousy of his friend.^(d) This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.^(e)

The fool folds his arms^(f) and consumes his own flesh.^(g)

Better one handful with rest than two handfuls with effort and a pursuit of the wind.^(h)

Again, I saw futility under the sun:

There is a person without a companion,^[a] without even a son or brother, and though there is no end to all his struggles, his eyes are still not content with riches.⁽ⁱ⁾ "So who am I struggling for," he asks, "and depriving myself from good?" This too is futile and a miserable task.

Two are better than one because they have a good reward for their efforts.

For if either falls, his companion can lift him up; but pity the one who falls without another to lift him up.

Also, if two lie down together, they can keep warm; but how can one person alone keep warm?^(j)

And if someone overpowers one person, two can resist him. A cord of three strands is not easily broken.

Better is a poor but wise youth than an old but foolish king who no longer pays attention to warnings.^(k)

For he came from prison to be king,^(l) even though he was born poor in his kingdom.

I saw all the living, who move about under the sun, follow^[b] a second youth who succeeds him.

There is no limit to all the people who were before them, yet those who come later will not rejoice in him. This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.^(m)

^[a]Guard your steps when you go to the house of God. Better to draw near in obedience than to offer the sacrifice as fools do,^(a) for they ignorantly do wrong.

^[b]Do not be hasty to speak, and do not be impulsive to make a speech before God. God is in heaven and you are on earth, so let your words be few.^(b)

For dreams result from much work and a fool's voice from many words.^(c)

When you make a vow to God,^(d) don't delay fulfilling it, because He does not delight in fools. Fulfill what you vow.

Better that you do not vow than that you vow and not fulfill it.^(e)

Do not let your mouth bring guilt on you,^(f) and do not say in the presence of the messenger that it was a mistake.^(g) Why should God be angry with your words and destroy the work of your hands?

For many dreams bring futility, so do many words.^(h) Therefore, fear God.

If you see oppression of the poor⁽ⁱ⁾ and perversion of justice and righteousness in the province, don't be astonished at the situation,^(j) because one official protects another official, and higher officials protect them.

The profit from the land is taken by all; the king is served by the field.^[c](k)

The one who loves money is never satisfied with money, and whoever loves wealth is never satisfied with income. This too is futile.

When good things increase, the ones who consume them multiply; what, then, is the profit to the owner, except to gaze at them with his eyes?

The sleep of the worker is sweet, whether he eats little or much, but the abundance of the rich permits him no sleep.

There is a sickening tragedy I have seen under the sun: wealth kept by its owner to his harm.^(l)

That wealth was lost in a bad venture, so when he fathered a son, he was empty-handed.

As he came from his mother's womb, so he will go again, naked as he came;^(m) he will take nothing for his efforts that he can carry in his hands.

This too is a sickening tragedy: exactly as he comes, so he will go. What does the one gain⁽ⁿ⁾ who struggles for the wind?^(o)

What is more, he eats in darkness all his days,^(p) with much sorrow, sickness, and anger.

Here is what I have seen to be good:^(q) it is appropriate to eat, drink, and experience good in all the labor one does under the sun during the few days of his life God has given him, because that is his reward.^(r)

God has also given riches and wealth to every man,^(s) and He has allowed him to enjoy them, take his reward, and rejoice in his labor.^(t) This is a gift of God,^(u)

for he does not often consider the days of his life because God keeps him occupied with the joy of his heart.

Here is a tragedy I have observed under the sun,^(a) and it weighs heavily on humanity:^[a]

God gives a man riches, wealth, and honor^(b) so that he lacks nothing of all he desires for himself,^(c) but God does not allow him to enjoy them. Instead, a stranger will enjoy them. This is futile and a sickening tragedy.

A man may father a hundred children and live many years. No matter how long he lives,^[b] if he is not satisfied by good things and does not even have a proper burial,^(d) I say that a stillborn child is better off than he.^(e)

For he comes in futility and he goes in darkness, and his name is shrouded in darkness.

Though a stillborn child does not see the sun and is not conscious, it has more rest than he.

And if he lives a thousand years twice, but does not experience happiness, do not both go to the same place?

All man's labor is for his stomach,^[c](f) yet the appetite is never satisfied.

What advantage then does the wise man have over the fool?^(g) What advantage is there for the poor person who knows how to conduct himself before others?

Better what the eyes see than wandering desire.^(h) This too is futile and a pursuit of the wind.⁽ⁱ⁾

Whatever exists was given its name long ago,^[d](j) and it is known what man is. But he is not able to contend with the One stronger than he.^(k)

For when there are many words, they increase futility.^(l) What is the advantage for man?

For who knows what is good for man in life, in the few days of his futile life that he spends like a shadow?^(m) Who can tell man what will happen after him under the sun?

A good name is better than fine perfume,^(a) and the day of one's death than the day of one's birth.^(b)

It is better to go to a house of mourning than to go to a house of feasting, since that is the end of all mankind, and the living should take it to heart.^(c)

Grief is better than laughter, for when a face is sad, a heart may be glad.^(d)

The heart of the wise is in a house of mourning, but the heart of fools is in a house of pleasure.

It is better to listen to rebuke from a wise person than to listen to the song of fools,^(e)

for like the crackling of burning thorns under the pot,^(f) so is the laughter of the fool. This too is futile.

Surely, the practice of extortion turns a wise person into a fool,^(g) and a bribe destroys the mind.^(h)

The end of a matter is better than its beginning; a patient spirit is better than a proud spirit.⁽ⁱ⁾

Don't let your spirit rush to be angry, for anger abides in the heart of fools.^(j)

Don't say, "Why were the former days better than these?"^(k) since it is not wise of you to ask this.

Wisdom is as good as an inheritance and an advantage to those who see the sun,

because wisdom is protection as money is protection, and the advantage of knowledge is that wisdom preserves the life of its owner.^(l)

Consider the work of God,^(m) for who can straighten out what He has made crooked?⁽ⁿ⁾

In the day of prosperity be joyful,^(o) but in the day of adversity, consider: God has made the one as well as the other,^(p) so that man cannot discover anything that will come after him.

In my futile life^[a] I have seen everything:^(q) there is a righteous man who perishes in spite of his righteousness,^(r) and there is a wicked man who lives long in spite of his evil.^(s)

Don't be excessively righteous, and don't be overly wise.^(t) Why should you destroy yourself?

Don't be excessively wicked, and don't be foolish. Why should you die before your time?^(u)

It is good that you grasp the one and do not let the other slip from your hand. For the one who fears God will end up with both of them.

Wisdom makes the wise man stronger than ten rulers of a city.^(v)

There is certainly no righteous man on the earth who does good and never sins.^(w)

Don't pay attention^[b] to everything people say, or you may hear your servant cursing you,^(x)

for you know that many times you yourself have cursed others.

I have tested all this by wisdom. I resolved, "I will be wise," but it was beyond me.

What exists is beyond reach and very deep.^(y) Who can discover it?

I turned my thoughts to know, explore, and seek wisdom^(z) and an explanation for things, and to know that wickedness is stupidity and folly is madness.

And I find more bitter than death^(aa) the woman who is a trap,^(ab) her heart a net, and her hands chains. The one who pleases God will escape her, but the sinner will be captured by her.

"Look," says the Teacher, "I have discovered this by adding one thing to another to find out the explanation,

which my soul continually searches for but does not find: among a thousand people I have found one true man, but among all these I have not found a true woman.^(ac)

Only see this: I have discovered that God made people upright,^(ad) but they pursued many schemes."

Who is like the wise person, and who knows the interpretation of a matter? A man's wisdom brightens his face, and the sternness of his face is changed.^(a)

Keep^[a] the king's command because of your oath made before God.^(b)

Do not be in a hurry; leave his presence,^(c) and don't persist in a bad cause, since he will do whatever he wants.

For the king's word is authoritative, and who can say to him, "What are you doing?"^(d)

The one who keeps a command will not experience anything harmful,^(e) and a wise heart knows the right time and procedure.

For every activity there is a right time and procedure,^(f) even though man's troubles are heavy on him.

Yet no one knows what will happen^(g) because who can tell him what will happen?

No one has authority over the wind^[b] to restrain it,^(h) and there is no authority over the day of death;⁽ⁱ⁾ there is no furlough in battle, and wickedness will not allow those who practice it to escape.

All this I have seen, applying my mind to all the work that is done under the sun, at a time when one man has authority over another to his harm.

In such circumstances, I saw the wicked buried. They came and went from the holy place,^(j) and they were praised^[c] in the city where they did so. This too is futile.

Because the sentence against a criminal act is not carried out quickly,^(k) the heart of people is filled with the desire to commit crime.

Although a sinner commits crime a hundred times and prolongs his life,^(l) yet I also know that it will go well with God-fearing people,^(m) for they are reverent before Him.

However, it will not go well with the wicked,⁽ⁿ⁾ and they will not lengthen their days like a shadow,^(o) for they are not reverent before God.

There is a futility that is done on the earth: there are righteous people who get what the actions of the wicked deserve,^(p) and there are wicked people who get what the actions of the righteous deserve.^(q) I say that this too is futile.

So I commended enjoyment because there is nothing better for man under the sun than to eat, drink, and enjoy himself,^(r) for this will accompany him in his labor during the days of his life that God gives him under the sun.

When I applied my mind to know wisdom^(s) and to observe the activity that is done on the earth (even though one's eyes do not close in sleep day or night),

I observed all the work of God and concluded that man is unable to discover the work that is done under the sun. Even though a man labors hard to explore it, he cannot find it;^(t) even if the wise man claims to know it, he is unable to discover it.